The State-by-State Patchwork
There is no national contractor license in the United States. Each of the 50 states sets its own rules, and the differences are dramatic. California's Contractors State License Board (CSLB) regulates 44 license classifications, while Texas has no state-level general contractor license at all. States like Florida offer both "certified" (statewide) and "registered" (local-only) licenses. Some states require exams; others don't. Some mandate thousands of hours of apprenticeship; others need only a registration form and fee.
This patchwork means contractors must do careful research before bidding on out-of-state work or relocating their business. A license in one state almost never automatically qualifies you in another, though reciprocity agreements can help.